Friday, January 24, 2020
Hinduism Essay -- Religion India Expository Essays Hindu
Hinduism Introduction Hinduism - stands for the faith and the way of life most of the people who live in India.      Hinduism is such an ancient religion that it had many types of beliefs and religious practices. Around 1750 BC Aryan invaders from central Asia settled in North - West India and introduced their own religious ideas.      Slowly the Hindu came to accept the idea of the existence of an eternal supreme being. They called this being, Brahman. Hindus also worship different gods which individually represent one particular aspect of Brahman. The most popular one of the lesser gods are Brahma (the creator), Vishnu (the preserver), and Shiva (the destroyer) Hinduism has no founder. It is a religion that has slowly developed over a period of time.      Hindu Beliefs      Hindu Gods      The Hindus have four gods Brahman, Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. There main god is Brahman. He is the origin and the sustainer of all life, and the goal of all things. He is eternal and omnipotent and only he is real. They believe that Brahman is so great that he cannot be explained in human words because all humans are imperfect and Brahman is perfect. Shiva      Shiva is usually depicted with six arms each one representing a different function to preform. He is known as the destroyer and restorer of life, symbol of the reproductive force of nature, philosopher and sage. He has a third eye which signifies wisdom or higher consciousness. He has a blue throat which is a result of him swallowing a full cup of mans sins. Worship of Shiva includes fertility rites and veneration of the symbols of male and female sex organs. Most Hindus imagine Shiva as being in deep meditation high in the Himalayas. Shiva is the ultimate god who holds in divine tension the preservation and destruction of the cosmos, both its birth and death. At times he is portrayed as the great ascetic. He is often depicted as the reconciler of dualities such as good and evil, eroticism and asceticism, his creative energy is depicted in the Lingam and Yoni. Shiva is frequently shown in loving union with his consort Parvati (another form of the great goddess)      Shiva devotees are called Shaivites, and devotion usually takes the form of Yogic practice. Shiva is often pictured, in one of the best known religious images from India, as the lord of the cos... ...in January-February and lasts thirty-six hours. The name of this festival means "night sacred to Shiva", because worship goes on throughout the night. Compared to other festivals it is a solemn occasion marked by fasting. Some devotees of Shiva do not sleep, eat or drink for the thirty-six hours. During the night Shiva is worshiped with singing and dancing in shrines dedicated to the god. In the shrine is a small stone pillar representing the god Shiva around which people assemble and perform puja. Offerings are made by pouring milk, honey and melted butter over the linga. When the fast ends at about four o'clock much feasting follows with sweet potatoes and cucumbers among the many foods eaten. The people remember a story which helps to explain why they fast and keep watch throughout the night. The story tells of a hunter who was once chased by a tiger, he climbed a tree to escape, and he had to perch the whole night as the tiger crouched below. To make sure he did not fall asleep he plucked the leaves one by one and dropped them on the ground. There was an image of Shiva under the tree, as the leaves fell Shiva felt he was being worshiped and blessed the hunter.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
Project Report for Dairy Farms
PROJECT REPORT FOR DAIRY FARM WITH FOUR CROSS-BRED /INDIGENOUS DESCRIPTIVE DAIRY BREED COWS  Dairy farming is a profitable business. It provides an excellent opportunity for self employment of unemployed youth. It  is also an important source of income generation to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. India is the largest milk producer of the world. The demand of milk & milk product is increasing rapidly There is immense scope of dairy farming in our country. The increasing cost of feed ingredients and its seasonal variability can be reduced by undertaking fodder cultivation.Before starting a dairy farm the entrepreneurs/ farmers are advised to under go   training on dairy farming. They must check the following points before starting a dairy farm. 1. Availability of good quality dairy breed cows  in nearby livestock market 2. Nearness of the Farm to  Veterinary Hospital, Artificial Insemination Center/livestock Aid Centers, MPCS 3. Ma rketing facility of milk and milk product in non MPCS area 4. Availability of concentrates ,fodder & medicine in that locality. This project report is based on following assumption:- 1.Freshly calved crossbred/indigenous descriptive  (dairy Breed)cows in 1st or 2nd lactation will be purchased in two batches of  two  animals each at an interval of 5 to 6 months. 2. Availability of 0. 75 to 1(one)  acre of irrigated land is prerequisite for the project, in absence of irrigated land provision of well and pump set has to be included in the project report. 3. Cost of labour has not been taken into consideration since full time labour is not required for the small unit. Family labour will be utilized for maintenance of the dairy farm. 4. Cow dung produced will be utilized as Manure for fodder cultivation. . Cost of rearing calves not considered as it will be repealed by their sale 6. In case of death of cow new cow will be purchased from insurance claim money.  ·          The scheme will be successful on the above guidelines if run by the dairy farmer on scientific lines. Housing for cows Floor – it should be Pucca, smooth strong concrete cemented, impervious to moisture ,and have slope 1 in 60 towards gutter. Plinth should be 2ft. higher than ground. Walls-3ft. high lengthwise brick or wall on sides, End wall should be solid made of bricks. Roof–  it should be 14-16ft. igh at the center and 8-9 ft. high on the side wall . there should be  hang over 3ft  beyond wall to prevent rain water  entering cow shade. Roof may be of asbestos, or tile. thatched  roof can replace asbestos in low cost housing. Techno economic parameters|  | Type of Animal| CB Jersey CowOr indigenous descriptiveMilch breed| No. of Animals| 4| Cost of Animal (Rs. /animal) including transportation| 27000/cow| Average Milk Yield (litre/day)| 10| Floor space (sqft) per adult animal| 40| Floor spac e (sqft) per calf| 20| Cost of construction per sqft (Rs. )| 200| Cost of equipment per animal (Rs. | 1000| Cost of fodder cultivation (Rs. /acre/season)| 5000| Insurance premium (% per annum)| 5| Veterinary aid/animal/ year (Rs. )| 750| Cost of concentrate feed (Rs. /kg)| 12| Cost of dry fodder (Rs. /kg)| 1| Rate of interest (%)| 12| Repayment period (years)| 6| Selling price of milk/litre (Rs. /kg)| 21| Sale price of gunny bags (Rs. per bag)| 10| Lactation days| 280| Dry days| 150| DAILY FEEDING AND COST CHART FOR DAIRY COWS | Item| FEEDING STUFF| COST/KGRs. | During lactation period| During dry period| | | | Quantity (kg)| Cost (Rs. )| Quantity (kg)| Cost (Rs. | i| Concentrate feed| 12| 3. 5| 42| 1| 13| ii| Green fodder| 1| 20| Home grown| 12| Home grown| iii| Dry fodder| 2| 5. 5| 11| 5| 10| | Total|  |  | 53|  | 22| Lactation chart/Dry chart| Sr. No| Particulars|  |  | Years|  |  | | |  | I| II| III| IV| V| Vi| i)| Lactation Days| |  |  |  | à ‚ |  | a)| First batch| 500| 560| 500| 420| 420| 500| b)| Second batch| 360| 420| 420| 420| 420| 420| | Total| 860| 980| 920| 840| 840| 920| ii)| Dry Days|  |  |  |  |  |  | a)| First batch| 220| 160| 220| 300| 300| 220| b)| Second batch| -| 300| 300| 300| 300| 300| | Total| 220| 460| 520| 600| 600| 520| Project cost and bank loan| Cost. In Rs. | I. | Capital cost|  |         II. | Cow shed for 4 cows 40sq. ft/cow @200/sqft | 32000|        III. | Calf pen for 4 calves 20 sq. ft. /calf @200/sq. ft. | 16000|        IV. | Cost of 2 CB cows with minimum average 10 liter milk  yield /day @27000 with transportation| 108000|         V. | Cost of one chaff cutter hand operated| 10000|        VI. | Cost of dairy appliances @ 1000/cow| 4000|       VII. | Cost of electrification of dairy farm with two electric fans| 10000|  | Tota l| 18000| Recurring cost to be capitalized| 1. Cost of feed for first batch of  one cows for one month as per feed chart| 3180| 1. | Cost of insurance  2 animals @5% of animal cost| 5400| 1. | Cost of fodder cultivation in one  acres of land| 10000| 1. | Cost of medicine vaccine, electricity for the first  cow| 1500| 1. | Total recurring expenditure| 20080 | 1. | TOTAL PROJECT COST                                                                                               Say| 200080200000| 1. | Margin money 10% of project cost| 20000| 1. | Bank loan 90% of project cost| 180000| Item| Particulars| . Project period|  | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 1. | Feeding during lactation per iod vide yearly lactation days and feed cost as per chart| 45580| 51940| 48760| 44520| 44520| 48760| 1. | Feeding during dry period vide dry days and feed cost as per feed chart enclosed| 4840| 10120| 11440| 13200| 13200| 11440| 1. | Medicine vaccine veterinary aid| 3000| 3000| 3000| 3000| 3000| 3000| 1. | Insurance @5% of animal cost /year| 5400| 5400| 5400| 5400| 5400| 5400| 1. | Cost of fodder cultivation| 10000| 10000| 10000| 10000| 10000| 10000| 1. | other miscellaneous expenditure| 2000| 2000| 2000| 2000| 2000| 2000| 1. Total| 70820| 82460| 80600| 78120| 78120| 80600|  | INCOME|  |  |  |  |  |  | I. | Sale  of milk @Rs. 21/liter during lactation days with average milk yield /10  liter/day| 180600| 205800| 193200| 176400| 176400| 193200|            II. | Sale of gunny bags| 640| 780| 740| 700| 700| 740|         III. | Manure will be utilized in own farm|  |  |  |  |  |  |          IV. | Value of closing stock of 3cows(Depreciation on animal cost @10%/year)|  |  |  |  |  | 43200|            V. | Value of building(Depreciation on [email protected]%/year)|  |  |  |  |  | 19200|          VI. Value of equipments(Depreciation on equipments @15%/year)|  |  |  |  |  | 2400|       VII. | Total income| 181240| 206580| 193940| 177100| 177100| 258740|     VIII. | Gross profit| 110420| 124120| 113340| 98980| 98980| 178140|  | 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| Capital Costs| 180000|  |  |  |  |  | Recurring Cost| 70820| 82460| 80600| 78120| 78120| 80600| Total Costs| 250820| 82460| 80600| 78120| 78120| 80600| Benefit| 181240| 206580| 193940| 177100| 177100| 258740| Net Benefit| -69580| 124120| 113340| 98980| 98980| 178140| PW Costs @ 15%| 451802. 8| PW Benefits @ 15%| 742490. 80| NPW| 290688. 62| B. C. Ratio| 1. 64:1| | | I. R. R. (%)| >25%| Year| Loan Outstanding| Gross Surplus| Interest| Principal| Total Repayment| Surplus| 1| 180000| 110420| 21600| 20000| 41600| 68820| 2| 16000| 124120| 19200| 40000| 59200| 64920| 3| 120000| 113340| 14400| 30000| 44400| 68940| 4| 90000| 98980| 10800| 30000| 40800| 58180| 5| 60000| 98980| 7200| 30000| 37200| 61780| 6| 30000| 178140| 3798| 30000| 33798| 144342| |
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
Mental Illness The Stigma Against Mental Health
Borderline Personality Disorder Arielle Loyson Western Michigan University Bronson School of Nursing One of the biggest contributors for poor healthcare is the stigma against mental health. This stigma allows healthcare providers to view those with a mental illness as having low relevance, thus creating disinclination towards providing adequate resources and/or care. This negative stance, based on misinformation and prejudice creates those that have a mental illness to lose their self confidence. Because of this loss, people with mental illness decide not to contribute to their health or livelihood. In the past fifty years, many advances have been made in mental healthcare. However, with the attached stigma, many people choose to not seek out treatment. As nurses, it extremely important for us to have an understanding of mental health so we can decrease the stigma in the healthcare profession. There shouldn’t be a difference between a â€Å"psychiatric nurse†and a â€Å"general nurse†. Since over 50% of the population suffers from a mental illness, both professions should be equally educated and sensitive towards health care issues. The purpose of this paper is to study an area of psychiatric nursing that is seen in the American culture through a television show or through a specific patient. The psychiatric illness that is being focused on is borderline personality disorder (BPD). This psychiatric illness is characterized by impulsivity, affectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma Of Children With Mental Illness1608 Words  | 7 Pagesassociation with mental illness. This stigma creates a negative feedback loop in how society views people with psychiatric disabilities. Media portrays people with mental illness as scary, bad, dangerous, unpredictable, and un-educated. These views cause people to shy away and fear the mentally ill. This stigma also affects a person’s willingness to seek help when they are experiencing a mental illness. 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Mental illness is probably the most misconstrued and trivialized illness, and this misconceptionRead MoreMental Health Stigma, Discrimination, and Prejudice1712 Words  | 7 PagesMental Health Stigma, Discrimination and Prejudice Karen Bleicher Spring, 2009 Professor Mark Harris Social Problems 2023 To Fight Stigmas, Start with Treatment Last fall, British television broadcast a reality program called â€Å"How Mad Are You?†The plot was simple: 10 volunteers lived together for a week in a house in the countryside and took part in a series of challenges. The amazing thing was that there were no prizes at the end of the challenges. There was a very interestingRead MoreThe Stigma Associated With Mental Health1641 Words  | 7 Pagespeople with mental health illness feels diminished, devalued, and fearful because of the prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behaviours that society held towards them. The stigma associated with mental health illness often marginalized and disenfranchises the affected individuals and families in the society, which means that they â€Å"may experience discrimination in areas of health care, employment, education, justice, and housing†(1). The feeling of fear to be discriminated against limited theRead MoreStigma And Stigma Of Stigma992 Words  | 4 PagesAround the U.S. and other countries stigma has been an issue that has caused treatment for mental health to be less effective than it should be. It is a huge issue when people believe that getting help for something that ills them is a sign of weakness or that it is not a real problem. No one ever thought that about a stomach bug or a headache, but when it comes to depression, anxiety or any other psychological issue people view it in a different light. Kids are going excused from school becauseRead MoreThe Stigma of Mental Illness1656 Words  | 7 Pagesdiagnosis might exacerbate the stigma of mental illness. In Corrigan’s study clinical diagnosis adds groupness for the collection of people with mental illness which worsens the level of prejudice (Corrigan 34). Corrigan states that this ultimately leads to overgeneralization, as there is an assumption that all individuals diagnosed with the same mental disorders behave the same way (Corrigan 34). According to Corrigan the stereo typic description of mental illness perceives to the public that, peopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Stigma Surrounding Mental Illness1658 Words  | 7 PagesMental illness is a controversial topic in recent news. From Sandy Hook to the Aurora movie theatre shooting, the effects of mental illness have sparked fierce debate and negative stigma surrounding the issue. Mental illnesses, â€Å"patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional†(Myers 562), affect 1 in 4 people at some point in their lives (Stigma and Discrimination). However, only 59.6% of people with mental illness report receiving treatment, as they
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